Mikhail Gorbachev was the president of Russia. He was so far the youngest president who was at age 54. Mikhail decided that since Russia was a totalitarian state, and nothing was getting done, he thought that he should open up Russia more so that free fresh new ideas will come and make Russia more economic and new with social reforms. This was called the "Glasnost". This was to promote Openness in Russia.
In 1985, Gorbachev decided to make something new called "Peristrokia". This was to make economic reforms. Local managers gained full rights to their farms and property and people were allowed to own privately owned small businesses. So that way this could help with creating jobs.
Also it helped take down the Berlin wall and end communnism.
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